What Is Justice?
What is justice? Justice is about the obligatory institutional administration of fairness (ie it is just for system institutions to secure the right of individuals to get what they are due, deserved, merited or entitled to, as it is fair for system individuals to be able to control something that is not beyond their control). There are different types of justice.
Formal justice is the impartial and consistent application of principles so that individuals would get a fair share, regardless of the principles' substance. Substantive justice is what individuals can legitimately demand (ie as of right) of one another (ie as of obligation), or between individuals and institutions. Procedural justice is about fair play in a system's process.
Retributive justice is about when and why it is fair to punish those who inflict serious harm or loss to others on ground of welfare maximization (ie deterrent, rehabilitative or incapacitative effect); while corrective or restorative or reparative justice deals with the fairness of victims' demands against wrongdoers for civil compensation. Distributive or economic justice is concerned about fair distribution of resources including opportunities, power and wealth on grounds of needs, better use, market results, or overall wealth. Commutative justice calls for fairness (near equality) in fulfillment of contractual obligations (such as fair wages) and exchanges of goods or services (such as fair prices) between individual and private groupings.
While we may take a cultural perspective in understanding why certain distribution or apportionment is considered fair or unfair by a certain system, we do have the rational and intuitive faculty to make objective fair-or-unfair judgment. Justice in criminal and civil justice, and in economic and social allocation, processes is what all peoples expect anywhere anytime. Thus, every system has justice institutions, principles, rules, processes, and we all play a role to help administer fairness and do justice!